What does attack and counterattack mean in fencing?

In fencing, make a point for attack e counterattack concerns how points are awarded during a match.
What is attack in fencing
In fencing, the attack is an offensive action in which a fencer tries to hit the opponent to score a point.
To be valid, the attack must be:
- Correct execution: The blade must head towards the target part of the opponent, following the specific rules of each weapon (foil, sabre, epee).
- Priority: In disciplines such as foil and saber, “priority” or “right of attack” is fundamental. If both fencers attack at the same time, the point is awarded to the one who initiated the attack with priority, according to the rules of the discipline.
What is counterattack in fencing
Counterattack is a defensive action immediately followed by an offensive response. It occurs when a fencer parries or deflects an opponent's attack and then responds with a strike to score a point.
The following considerations apply to the counterattack:
- Block and response: The save must be clear and well executed, followed by a timely and precise response.
- Time and priorities: In saber and foil, the counterattack must respect the rules of priority; if the opponent has been parried, the right to attack passes to the person who made the parry.
What are the differences between the weapons
- Foil and sabre: In these disciplines, priority is decisive for the assignment of the point. The attack must be directed towards the target area, and in case of a simultaneous attack, the point goes to whoever has priority.
- Swordfish: There is no priority rule; if both fencers hit at the same time, one point is awarded to each, unless it is a double jab situation where no points are awarded.